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Intervertebral disc degeneration is one of the common causes of chronic low back pain. As a common spinal disease， its clinical symptoms are mainly low back pain and limited function， which seriously affects physical and psychological health. Because of its complex and unclear pathogenesis， the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration has been the focus of scientific researchers and clinical workers. At present， the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration mainly includes non-surgical therapy and surgical therapy， which can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients to a certain extent， but easily induce new complications， and it is difficult to restore the normal physiological function of the intervertebral disc. In recent years， along with the advanced research on matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs） in the tissues of intervertebral disc degeneration， it has been found that MMPs can be used as molecular therapeutic targets. The expression of MMPs in the intervertebral disc tissues can be regulated by reducing the content and composition of the extracellular matrix of the intervertebral disc， so as to slow down intervertebral disc degeneration and even reverse the occurrence of intervertebral disc degeneration. This treatment is expected to delay intervertebral disc degeneration caused by changes in extracellular matrix composition or content. In recent years， with the continuous development of network pharmacology and bioinformatics research， a large number of researchers have explored the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and found that TCM can reduce the degradation of extracellular matrix by inhibiting the expression of MMPs， thus alleviating the symptoms of intervertebral disc degeneration and slowing down the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. This paper reviewed the research progress of TCM intervention in MMP expression in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration， aiming at providing references for the application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass， destruction of bone tissue microarchitecture， and imbalance of bone homeostasis， leading to increased bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Oxidative stress caused by the disruption of the balance between excess reactive oxygen species （ROS） and the anti-oxidative system is an important factor in the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） is an important anti-oxidative stress pathway. Nrf2 is a primary factor in regulating cellular oxidative stress. Activating Nrf2 can stimulate the expression of HO-1. HO-1 is a key enzyme whose metabolites are bile green Oxygen， carbon monoxide， and free iron. The metabolites can scavenge ROS， thereby exerting an antioxidant effect in cells. At present， domestic and foreign scholars have reported that the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoporosis and the mechanism of drugs. Chinese medicine can effectively solve the insufficiency of western medicine with multi-target， multi-channel， and multi-level advantages. Chinese medicine can resist oxidative stress， inflammatory response， and apoptosis by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway， thus treating osteoporosis. This article reviewed the relationship between Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and its key target protein factors and osteoporosis， to clarify the important role of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in osteoporosis. At the same time， a systematic summary of Chinese medicines targeting and regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway for the treatment of osteoporosis was conducted， to provide a theoretical basis for further precise treatment of osteoporosis.
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Mouse hybridoma monoclonal antibody is the most commonly used antibody in immunology because of its stable source, easy preparation in later stage and high yield. The traditional time-consuming and laborious hybridoma preparation technology could not meet the growing market demand. In this paper, we describe the rapid preparation techniques involved in antigen design and screening, B cell enrichment and screening, transgenic myeloma cells, fusion technology improvement, positive hybridoma cell screening and rapid detection of monoclonal antibody performance, to provide a reference for rapid preparation of mouse hybridoma monoclonal antibody.
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Animais , Camundongos , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Antígenos , Linfócitos B , HibridomasRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the prognosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) at different follow-up time points in Chinese women and the relationship with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Biopsy-confirmed CIN1 women were followed up from cervical cancer screening cohorts established during 1999 to 2008 in Xiangyuan county, Yangcheng county, Qinxian county and Wuxiang county, Shanxi Province.In each follow-up visit, participants were examined by visual inspection with acetic acid, liquid-based cytology and HR-HPV DNA testing. Those with any positive results received colposcope and biopsies. The cumulative incidence rates of CIN grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and CIN grade 3 or worse (CIN3+), regression rates and persistent rates were calculated using pathological findings as a gold standard. The risks of progression related with HR-HPV were evaluated stratified by baseline and follow-up HR-HPV status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 228, 224, 261 and 105 CIN1 women received the 1-year, 2-year, 6-year and 11-year follow-up exams, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of CIN2+ among baseline HR-HPV positive women was 4.8% (6/126), 10.7% (16/150), 16.9% (29/172) and 35% (19/55) in the above follow-up visits, respectively, and their risk of progression was 2.7(95%CI:0.3-22.0), 2.9 (95%CI:0.7-12.1), 12.0 (95%CI:1.7-86.2) and 30.6 (95%CI:1.9-493.5) times higher than baseline HR-HPV negative women. Moreover, the cumulative incidence of CIN2+ among women with positive HR-HPV both at baseline and follow-up visit was 11% (6/55), 14% (6/42), 17% (10/60) and 50% (13/26) in the above follow-up visits, respectively.No new CIN2+ cases were found among those with negative HR-HPV both at baseline and follow-up visits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Given that CIN1 progression is related to HR-HPV infection, different follow-up intervals and strategies for CIN1 should be taken according to HR-HPV infection status.</p>
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Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Biópsia , Displasia do Colo do Útero , Progressão da Doença , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do ÚteroRESUMO
status.Conclusion HPV6 and HPV-16 were the most two popular HPV types in the whole population,while HPV-16 was the most common type in CIN2+ population.HPV-16 seroprevalence increased with severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the risk factors for cervical cancer in the areas of high incidence, and provide evidence for current intervention of cervical cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the areas of Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Provicne with high incidence of cervical cancer, 1 997 women were interviewed using a questionnaire, including baseline information, menstrual, marital and pregnancy histories, sexual behavior, health habits, contraception, medical history and family history of cancer, etc., after its screening with six kinds of methods. All subjects, including 84 cases with pathological diagnosis of greater than cINI, and 1 784 cases with pathological diagnosis of normal, were tested for high-risk HPV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall rates of HPV infection were 20.8% (415/1 997) in high-risk subjects, 97.7% and 14.2% in the cases and control groups, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that risk factors with statistical significance included high-risk HPV infection, age at first sexual intercourse, history of pregnancy and abortion, the number of sexual partners and family history of cancer. Analysis with non-conditional logistic regression model revealed high-risk HPV infection, multiple sexual partners and family history of cancer associated obviously with occurrence of cervical cancer. In addition, there was significantly positive relationship between HPV infection, which increased with the number of sexual partners, and extramarital sexual activity both in males or females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main risk factor for cervical cancer in this region was high-risk HPV infection, which related to sexual behavior, hygienic habits during menstruation and puerperium. It was particularly important to detect and treat precancerous lesions and to implement behavior modification. In addition, further research on genetic susceptibility was suggested.</p>